Astma
Autor Redakcija | 
Astma je bolest u kojoj se dišni putevi prema Vašim plućima suze i stvaraju sluz. Kad se to dogodi, teško je disati. Neke stvari koje mogu izazvati astmatični napad uključuju alergije, viruse prehlade, lijekove, prašinu, hemikalije, vježbanje ili emocije.
Simptomi
- Ubrzano disanje ili teškoće sa disanjem;
- „Pištanje“ ili glasno disanje;
- Kašljanje koje se može pogoršati tokom noći ili rano ujutro;
- Osjećaj pritiska u prsima;
- Brzi otkucaji srca;
- Kongestija u predjelu glave;
- Osjećaj svraba, grebanja ili bola u grlu;
- Umor;
- Ako Vam je doktor propisao mjerač vršnog protoka, pad pri očitanju vrijednosti na mjeraču vršnog protoka;
Možete imati više simptoma astme:
- ako imate alergije,
- ako imate člana porodice sa astmom,
- ako ste osjetljivi na zagađenje zraka,
- ako ste izloženi dimu,
- ako ste pod stresom.
Njega
Vaša njega može uključiti:
- uzimanje različitih lijekova za:
─ otvaranje dišnih puteva,
─ smanjivanje reakcije tijela na alergene,
─ smanjivanje oticanja Vaših dišnih puteva,
─ smanjenje kongestije.
- pronalaženje uzroka Vaših simptoma,
- Alergotest,
- korištenje mjerača vršnog protoka za provjeru i prevenciju astmatičnih napada,
- uzimanje velike čaše tečnosti svaka 1-2 sata; to pomaže da sluz ostane rijetka, a rijetka sluz je lakša za iskašljavanje i smanjuje oticanje u plućima. Prozračne tečnosti su najbolje, kao što je voda, voćni sok, čaj, čorbe i bistre supe,
- izbjegavati mliječne proizvode prilikom „pištanja“ jer oni mogu zgusnuti sluz.
Za prevenciju astmatičnih napada
- Držati lijekove za astmu uz sebe cijelo vrijeme. Uzimati lijekove u određeno vrijeme iako su simptomi nestali.
- Izbjegavati dim od cigareta, lule i cigara.
- Držite se podalje od namirnica, lijekova ili stvari koje Vam uzrokuju pojavljivanje simptoma astmatičnih napada. Oni se nazivaju okidačima.
- Izbjegavajte kontakt sa osobama koje su prehlađene ili imaju gripu.
- Odmarajte se i uzimajte dosta tečnosti na prvi znak prehlade.
- Dišite kroz šal ili neki drugi „prekrivač“ kad je hladno vrijeme.
- Sa svojim doktorom razgovarajte o vježbama za ojačavanje Vaših pluća.
- Smanjite stres.
Posjetite doktora ako:
- kašljete, ispuštate zvuk pištanja kad dišete ili imate teškoće sa disanjem,
- osjećate potrebu za uzimanjem više lijekova nego što Vam je doktor propisao,
- imate temperaturu preko 38 °C (101 °F),
- imate sluz koja nije bijela ili bistra, ili je isuviše zgusnuta da se iskašlje,
- imate probleme uzrokovane svojim lijekovima, na primjer drhtavicu, smetenost, uzrujanost, osjećaj nervoze u želucu ili loš ukus u ustima,
- niste u stanju obavljati normalne aktivnosti ili vježbe.
Pozovite hitnu pomoć ako imate:
- teško „pištanje“ pluća kad dišete, teškoće sa disanjem ili kašalj,
- bol u prsima,
- sive ili plave usne i nokte na rukama.
Izvor: www.healthinfotranslations.org
www.medicina.ba
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