Otkrivena nova, teško lječiva bakterija
Naučnici su otkrili novi gen među bakterijama koji je vrlo otporan čak i na djelovanje najsnažnijih antibiotika. Bakterija sa tim genom, po prvi put otkrivena u Indiji i drugim zemljama južne Azije, nađena je i kod pacijenata na drugim kontinentima. Istraživanja su počela od jednog pacijenta, Šveđanina, koji je bio na liječenju u Indiji.
Ljekari i epidemiolozi upozoravaju na tu novu opasnost - superotporna bakterija već je identificirana kod pacijenata u Britaniji, Sjedinjenim Američkim Državama, Australiji, Kanadi i Holandiji. Sve te osobe putovale su u Indiju zbog znatno jeftinijeg liječenja.
Novo-otkriveni gen te bakterije nazvan “New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase” otporan je na gotovo sve postojeće antibiotike, pa i one najsnažnije.
Britanski naučnik i univerzitetski profesor David Livemore, jedan od onih koji su doprinijeli identifikaciji gena, uz upozorenje da će liječenje zaraženih bakterijom koja nosi otporni gen biti teško, ističe: “Uočili smo da se super-bakterija ne širi sama, nego i da se otpornost te bakterije prenosi i na druge bakterije. Otpornost se odnosi i na najjače poznate antibiotike, takozvane carbapenems antibiotike, vrlo efikasne prema mnogim infekcijama.”
Uz brojna internacionalna putovanja i medicinski turizam, odnosno liječenja u zemljama u kojima su zdravstvene procedure znatno jeftinije, super-bakterija je prenesena u zemlje porijekla tih osoba.
Doktor Anthony Fauci, direktor američkog Nacionalnog instituta za alergije i infektivna oboljenja kaže: “O tri slučaja u Sjedinjenim Državama izvješteno je u junu, a riječ je o osobama koje su putovale u Indiju.”
Prisustvo super-bakterija je često u bolnicama u Bangladešu, Pakistanu i Indiji i, mnogo šire i češće, u tamošnjim naseljima bez čiste vode za piće.
Profesor Livemore naglašava da širenje superotporne bakterije ne bi smjelo biti ignorirano: “Prije svega zbog toga što se otpornost super-bakterije prenosi i na mnoge druge, različite bakterije kojima bivaju inficirane mnoge osobe. A tada bi bili u zaista velikoj nevolji.”
Doktor Krishna Banudha sa univerziteta George Washington također upozorava na ozbiljnost infekcija super-bakterijom: “Može biti izazvana upala pluća, infekcija urinarnog trakta, infekcija krvi i bubrega.”
Stvaranje i proizvodnja novih antibiotika ne može da prati brzinu širenja novih bakterioloških oboljenja. Carbapenems, ti najjači antibiotici, korišteni su pri liječenju oboljelih, a do pojave novih antibiotika koji će biti još efikasniji u suzbijanju infekcija izazvanih genom “New Delhi” trebaće godine napornog naučnog i istraživačkog rada.
Izvor: VoA News
www.medicina.ba
07.10.2010.
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