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MINERALI

Minerali su anorganski hemijski elementi potrebni za izgradnju koštanog i vezivnog tkiva, za aktivnost nervnih ćelija, za očuvanje osjetljive ionske ravnoteže ćelijske tečnosti, regulaciju tonusa mišića i sastavni su dio enzima i bjelančevina. Minerali potrebni organizmu su bakar, bor, cink, fosfor, hrom, jod, kalcijum, magnezijum, selen i željezo.

Bakar je dio mnogih enzima, a služi za razvoj živčanog tkiva i funkciju živčanog sistema. Nedostatak izaziva zaostajanje u rastu i razvoju.

Bor utiče na razinu kalcijuma i magnezijuma u kostima i na razinu hormona testosterona i estrogena.

Cink ubrzava zarastanje rana, utiče na kontrolu rasta, stvaranje inzulina i imuniteta, a simptomi manjaka u organizmu su proljev, gubitak kose, usporeni rast, usporeno zarastanje rana i sklonost infekcijama. Smanjuje rizik od bolesti, jača otpornost organizma i usporava starenje.

Fosfor je sastavni dio molekula DNK, visokoenergetskih spojeva, kosti i zuba, a slabost, povraćanje i rahitis su znaci nedostatka u organizmu.

Hrom služi za metabolizam glukoze i djeluje na živčani sistem.

Jod, sastavni dio hormona štitnjače, reguliše metabolizam i tjelesnu temperaturu.

Kalcijum učestvuje u izgradnji zuba i kostiju, diobe i rasta ćelija, mišićne kontrakcije, propusnosti ćelijskih membrana, za pravilan rad srca, živčanog sistema, regulaciju krvnog pritiska, zgrušnjavanje krvi, prijenos poruka među živcima i ravnotežu vode u organizmu. Najzastupljeniji mineral u organizmu i njegov nedostatak dovodi do pojačanog gubitka iz kostiju, što uzrokuje smanjenje koštane mase i bolest osteoporozu.

Magnezijum je aktivan sastojak oko 300 enzima. Služi za neuromuskularni prijenos podražaja, a manjak u tijelu izaziva drhtanje, slabost i grčeve mišića, mučninu i povraćanje.

Selen ima antioksidna svojstva, ključnu ulogu u zaštiti ćelija organizma od djelovanja slobodnih radikala i štetnih uticaja okoline, a simptomi pomanjkanja su bolesti srca i krvožilnog sistema. Smanjuje rizik od bolesti, jača otpornost organizma i usporava starenje.

Željezo je osnovni sastojak hemoglobina kojim se kiseonik prenosi do ćelija i bitan je za izgradnju crvenih krvnih ćelija, rast i razvoj. Nedostatak izaziva anemije.

www.medicina.ba

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